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Objective@#The association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus varies based on geographical location, and there are limited investigations on the relationship of the two chronic diseases among Philippine subjects. This study aimed to determine the association between periodontitis and diabetes among Filipino dental school patients. @*Methods@#In this retrospective case-control study, the periodontal conditions and diabetic statuses of all patients who sought treatment at the Dental College’s Oral Medicine clinic within two academic years were reviewed. The prevalence of diabetes among 715 cases of periodontitis was compared to the prevalence among 834 control patients without periodontitis. Odds ratios (OR) were computed using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, and smoking status. @*Results@#The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus for all patients was 3.10%. Patients with periodontitis had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes at 5.73% compared to control subjects without periodontitis, whose diabetes prevalence was recorded at 0.84% (P<0.001). A significant association was observed between periodontitis and diabetes, with an unadjusted OR=7.19. After logistic regression analysis to control confounding variables, the adjusted OR was found to be 3.05 (95% confidence interval = 1.27 to 7.31; P=0.012). @*Conclusion@#The prevalence and odds of having diabetes are significantly higher among Filipino dental school patients with periodontitis, compared to patients without periodontitis. These results provide evidence to support an association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus in this representative sample of the Filipino population.
Subject(s)
Periodontitis , Diabetes Mellitus , Association , PrevalenceABSTRACT
This paper aims to report a numerical study of the assessment of heat and mass transfers by evaporation of a large impoundment under Burkina Faso climate conditions. This impoundment is considered as a parallelepiped which upper face, in contact with the ambient environment and subject to solar radiation, is the seat of a natural convection-based evaporation. The intensity of this evaporation is modeled by a correlation in the literature. Transfers into water are made by natural convection. They are caused by temperature differences due to solar radiation and ambient conditions (wind, hygrometry of the air,) on water. These transfers are described by the Navier-Stokes equations and energy and the initial and boundary conditions associated with them. The finite volume method and the SIMPLE algorithm were used for speed-pressure coupling. The systems of algebraic equations deduced from the discretization of transfer equations and boundary conditions associated with them are solved with Thomas’ algorithm, the SIMPLE algorithm and an iterative procedure because evaporated water quantity depends on the temperature and concentration of water vapor at the surface of the impoundment which are the unknowns of the problem. The numerical model developed is validated in relation to previous work and experimental data from Burkina Faso meteorology. The results obtained concern the evolution of the evaporated water flux under dense solar flows, a relative humidity of the air proportional to the wind speed and also the evolution of the evaporated water flux against the solar flux density for high relative moisture content. Also the evolution of the evaporated water flow against the depth of the impoundment for a solar flux density, relative humidity and the temperature of the surface of the body of water is given. The determination of evaporated water flux for typical years was calculated on a 10-year period. The results obtained show that the flux of evaporated water increases with a high solar flux rate and decreases for a high relative humidity level.
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Aims:The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of hemoglobin abnormalities and G6PD deficiency and their respective influence on anemia occurring in less than five years old children with clinical P. falciparummalaria living in Burkina Faso.Study Design:The study was a cross-sectional survey with descriptive focus conducted from December 2010 to January 2013 in Saponé health district and from May to October 2011 in Banforahealth district. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Blood smears on slides for malaria diagnosis by microscopy, hemoglobin level and filter paper for the detection of human genetic factors were performed.Methodology:A total of 386 subjects from Saponé (131) and Banfora (255) were enrolled. DNA collected from each sample was extracted using chelex-100 method and the human genetic resistance factors background was assessed by RFLP-PCR. Abnormal hemoglobin patients were classified as NonAA while AA was defined the normal hemoglobin.Results:In this study, 70.98% (274/386) were classified normal hemoglobin (AA) while 29.02% (112/386) of subjects were carrying at least one abnormal (NonAA) allele: 24.35%AC, 3.63% AS, 0.78%CC and 0.26%SC. G6PD deficiency was 9.59% (37/386) among which, 4.92% for male and 4.66% in female. However, this gender difference was not statistically significant (p=1.00). 319/367 (86.92%) of the patients were anemic (59.4% with moderate anemia and 20.98% with mild anemia). Theprevalence of anemia in G6PD deficient subjects was 83.33% (of which 58.33% were moderate anemia and 22.22% mild anemia). The difference between types of hemoglobin (p=0.64) in the occurrence of anemia (AA 87.64% and Non AA 85.18%) was not statistically significant. Conclusion:This study showed that the prevalence of these genetic factors was relatively low among children with clinical falciparummalaria with high parasite density. In addition, these factors appear to have no effect on anemia.
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Aims:Malariometric indices are essential for the assessment of both new therapies and control strategies. As part of the characterization of a new malaria clinical trial site, this study was carried out to assess malariometric indices during the two seasons ofa Sudanese area of Burkina Faso, in children aged under five years.Study Design:Two community-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted as follow: the first during the rainy season of 2009 and the second during the following dry season. Socio-Original ResearchArticle demographic and clinical data were recorded. A finger prick blood sample was collected to perform malaria blood films and to measure the hemoglobin level.Results:Malaria parasitemia prevalence was 55.2% (N = 677) in the rainy season with a geometric mean of parasite density (GMPD) of 3439 trophozoites/μl against 23.3% (N = 720) in the dry season with a GMPD of 1368 trophozoites/μl. Gametocytemia prevalence was 21.7% and 6.5% respectively in rainy and dry season while splenomegaly prevalence was 11.2% (N = 689) in rainy season against 4.2% (N = 752) in dry season. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin < 11.0g/dl) was 90.0% in rainy season and 70.6% in dry season. All indices in rainy season were statistically higher than those in dry season (p-value < 0.0001). The odds of parasite carriage were 3 to 5 times higher in rainy season compared to dry season (95% CI for OR = [3.1, 5.0]).Conclusion:The site is located in a seasonal hyper-endemic malaria area and seems appropriate for the conduct of malaria drugs or vaccines studies. Though the gap between seasons is considerable, the residual level of parasite carriage during low transmission period is not negligible and may command the development of strategies targeting this specific period, to break the chain of transmission of the disease.
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Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hemoglobin polymorphisms and G6PD deficiency on the course of uncomplicated malaria infection in children aged from 2 to 10 years in Burkina Faso.Study Design: The study was conducted as a longitudinal study in Banfora health district. A total of 150 children aged from 2 to 10 years was enrolled and followed up between May 2015 and February 2016. Blood samples were collected at four different time points: before infection (Visit 1), during asymptomatic parasitemia (Visit 2), during symptomatic parasitemia (Visit 3) and three weeks after treatment (Visit 4). Clinical examination, hematology parameters and malaria diagnosis using microscopy were performed. Hemoglobin and G6PD typing were done using PCR-RFLP. Hemoglobin AA genotypes were defined as normal hemoglobin while Hemoglobin AC, AS and SS were defined as abnormal hemoglobin (hb non-AA).Results:The prevalence of hemoglobin (hb) genotypes was 81.21% for AA while hb non-AA genotypes were estimated at 18.79% (12.08% for hbAC, 6.04% for hbAS and 0.67% for HbSC). The prevalence of G6PD genotypes was 89.26% and 10.74% for normal G6PDn and G6PD deficiency respectively. The prevalence of asymptomatic carriers of P. falciparumwas not affected neither by the genotypes of Hemoglobin, nor by the G6PD deficiency. Conversely, the risks of developing uncomplicated malaria in G6PD deficiency (G202A) group, was significantly lower (p=0.04).The results showeda significant difference (p˂0.0001) in the means of P. falciparumparasite densities between asymptomatic and symptomatic phase in Hemoglobin AA genotypes carriers while the means of parasite density was comparable in non-Hemoglobin AA carriers. Conclusion:Our study showed that G6PD deficiency protects against clinical malaria while P. falciparumparasite density increasing was correlated with carrying hemoglobin genotypes AA.
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Background & objectives: Malaria prevention relies heavily on insecticide-treated bednets. Even though the benefits of bednets have been proven that in most of the studies carried out in Africa, their efficacy remains dependent on local conditions. In this study, under field conditions, we evaluated the efficacy of two LLINs (PermaNet® vs Interceptor®) and two bednet treatment kits (K-O TAB® vs Fendona 6SC®) against Anopheles gambiae s.l. Methods: Bednets were evaluated using experimental huts in the village of Pissy located in the Saponé health district of Burkina Faso. Treatments and sleepers were randomly rotated between huts. Results are expressed in terms of induced exophily, mortality after 24 h and blood-feeding inhibition. Results: A total of 1392 An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes were collected during 120 nights in the experimental huts. The overall mortality rates were 85.4% (CL: 79.7–91.4) and 77.5% (CL: 56.9–97.3) for PermaNet® and Interceptor®, respectively. For the conventionally treated bednets, the mortality was 78.2% (CL: 63.13–96.7) with the Fendona 6SC®-treated nets and 75.5% (CL: 61.2–93) with the K-O TAB®-treated nets. The proportion of blood-fed mosquitoes was significantly higher in the untreated bednet arm than in the treated one, as well as for long-lasting nets than for conventionally treated nets. The entry rate did not vary significantly according to the bednet type, but the treated bednets increased the level of exophily by at least 43%. Conclusion: In the field, the Fendona 6SC® kit and the Interceptor bednets showed comparable efficacy to the already used K-O TAB® kit and PermaNet® bednets. These results could help National Malaria Program managers to formulate appropriate policy for effective vector control.
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Background: This study was conducted to determine the factors which may affect the incidence and recurrence of breast cancer in patients treated at the Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center (VSMMC). Methods: Utilizing hospital records, a case-control study was done on all breast cancer patients, treated at the VSMMC from January 200 to December 2007, comparing those who developed recurrence and those who did not. Results and Conclusions: Of the total of 404 patients treated at VSMMC during this period, only 370 patients (91.6%) with complete records were retrieved and included in the study. Overall recurrence rate was 17.8%. Age, parity, menopausal status nor family history of breast cancer, tumor characteristics, nor adjuvant therapy compliance, were the same for the two groups. More patients without recurrence underwent hormonal therapy (P=0.113). Those patients with recurrent breast cancer more often had positive lymph nodes (P=0.007). Key words: recurrent breast cancer
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OBJECTIVE: General objective: To compare the efficacy of chitosan solution impregnated nasal packing with normal saline solution impregnated nasal packing on wound healing of the nasal mucosa in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Specific objective: To determine the difference between the effects of chitosan solution impregnated nasal packing compared with normal saline solution impregnated nasal packing on wound healing of the nasal mucosa in rabbits particularly on various aspects of wound healing as to epithelialization, vascularization, inflammation and fibrosis. DESIGN: Experimental design SETTING: Santo Tomas University Hospital MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: This study is a randomized double blind clinical study. After giving the rabbits Ketamine HCI about 0.3-0.5 mm square area of the floor of the nasal mucosa was excised and sent for histopathology for baseline studies. Impregnated nasal packings where placed on the wounds and removed after forty eight hours. After two weeks about 0.3-0.5 mm of nasal mucosa was harvested on both nostrils and sent to the pathologist for review. RESULTS: There were four parameters of wound healing that were evaluated in this study, namely epithelialization, vascularization, inflammation and fibrosis. A comparison of the effect of chitosan and NSS on wound healing were compared in each of these 4 parameters. Statistical tests showed that on the basis of epithelialization, chitosan was significantly better than that of NSS (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The chitosan solution impregnated nasal packing was found to be significantly better than the NSS solution impregnated naeal packing on three of the four parameters of wound healing that were evaluated in this study in terms of epithelialization, inflammation and fibrosis but there was no difference noted in the aspect of vascularization between chitosan and NSS solutions. (Author)
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Like in other medical fields, candidates seeking a career in Radiology requires special skills and aptitudes. Selecting candidates for radiology residency is made difficult by the fact that many of the essential qualities predictive of a good radiology consultant, such as interpersonal skills, recognition of limits, curiosity, conscientiousness, and confidence level, are -non-cognitive-, and thus difficult to assess. This paper describes the selection procedure developed by the Department of Radiology of Baylor College of Medicine to measure, as objectively as possible, both the cognitive and non-cognitive qualities of candidates, based on a combination of traditional screening and Objective Structured Interviews. This paper highlights efficacy of this selection procedure that includes both cognitive and non-cognitive factors, that is relevant also to other medical specialities